Overall Body Effects

Alcohol affects all parts of the body including:

blood and immune system

bones and muscles

brain and nervous system

breasts (in women)

eyes

heart and blood pressure

intestines

kidneys and fluid balance

liver

lungs

mental health

mouth and throat

pancreas and digestion of sugar

sexual and reproductive system - men

sexual and reproductive system - women

skin

stomach and food pipe (oesophagus)

As well as potentially affecting the physical and mental health of individuals in many ways, chronic and heavy alcohol use can increase the risk of death[9] either directly, for example through acute alcohol poisoning or because alcohol causes a fatal disease such as cancer,[10] or indirectly, such as alcohol being a factor in violent death or suicide.

There is some evidence to suggest that moderate alcohol use can have some benefits to health, such as reducing risk of heart disease in older people[11] but it is difficult to attribute these benefits directly to alcohol due to other confounding factors. Alcohol does contribute to a high burden of disease in society in terms of years that people spend with disability or in poor health because of alcohol-related illnesses or injuries.[12, 13]

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